What Is an Electrical Panelboard?

Understanding Electrical Panelboards

An electrical panelboard is needed for your building's power distribution. It separates power into smaller branch circuits and protects against electrical overloads and short circuits. Put simply, a panelboard keeps your electrical system organized and safe.

Key Components of an Electrical Panelboard

Electrical panelboards have these important parts:

• Enclosure: Often called the “box” or “can,” it houses components and protects them with a durable steel design.
• Interior: Includes support rails, busbars, and overcurrent devices like circuit breakers.
• Busbars: Conductors that connect multiple circuits. They’re mounted to insulated rails for safety.
• Labels: Provide critical details such as voltage, ampacity, and interrupting ratings for safety and maintenance.
• Deadfront and Trim: A hinged cover for secure access to circuit breakers while preventing contact with live parts.
• Filler Plates: Cover unused spaces in the enclosure.

Understanding these panelboard components means safe operation and proper maintenance.

Types of Panelboard Installations

Panelboards can be installed in two ways:

• Flush Mounting: Recessed between wall studs for a sleek, space-saving look, common in offices, schools, and public buildings.
• Surface Mounting: Installed on walls, ideal for basements, electrical closets, or industrial settings.

Choose the right method based on your building's structure and design needs.

Types of Electrical Panelboards

Panelboards come in two main types:

• Lighting and Appliance Panelboards: Designed for smaller loads like lights, outlets, and appliances.
• Power Panelboards: Handle larger loads, including motors, transformers, or other panels.

The type of electrical panelboard you choose depends on your specific power distribution needs.

Safety Standards for Panelboards

Panelboards follow strict safety guidelines set by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Most indoor enclosures are NEMA Type 1, giving you protection for personnel and equipment. Always check for labels to confirm compliance and specifications.